![]() ![]() Media influences, and the availability of convenience foods, can also affect food choices (AIHW 2017).Environmental factors (such as schools, workplaces, homes, food outlets, neighbourhoods and communities) can affect an individual’s energy imbalance by inhibiting or encouraging health, dietary and physical activity patterns (AIHW 2017).Low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour (such as sitting or lying down) also contribute to energy imbalance, weight gain and becoming overweight or obese (NHMRC 2013).One major contributing factor is energy-dense foods that are high in fat and/or sugar, which encourage energy intake that exceeds requirements (NHMRC 2013).It is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, family, community and societal factors (AIHW 2017, 2020): Overweight and obesity generally results from a sustained energy imbalance, where the amount of energy consumed through eating and drinking outweighs the energy expended through physical activity and bodily functions (AIHW 20). Weight-based teasing and bullying can also have an impact on a young person’s psychological wellbeing, peer relationships, school experiences and self-confidence in being physically active (Pont et al.Australian research suggests that overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with poorer health-related quality of life, depression and low self-esteem (Sanders et al.Young people with overweight and obesity are more likely to become or remain obese as adults. People who are overweight or obese face an increased risk of developing chronic conditions (such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease) at younger ages, and some cancers at an earlier age (Llewellyn et al. People who are very underweight are at higher risk of having osteoporosis, decreased muscle strength, hypothermia and lowered immunity (DoH 2014). ![]() Both are risk factors for future illness. Being either underweight (due to under-nutrition, leading to deficiencies in calories, vitamins and minerals, and proteins) or overweight or obese (where an abnormal or excessive amount of fat accumulates in the body) increases a young person’s risk of poor physical health. young people aged 15–24 living in low socioeconomic areas were more likely to be overweight or obese than those living in high socioeconomic areas (49% and 32%, respectively).Ī healthy body weight is important for young people’s current and future health.more than 9 in 20 (46%) 18–24 year olds were either overweight or obese, higher than in 1995 (32%) and 2007–08 (37%).more than 1 in 4 (27%) 15–17 year olds were either overweight or obese, higher than in 1995 (20%), but similar to 2007–08 (30%). ![]()
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